Indian Polity , Constitution ,Governance and Social Justicel Mains MK Yadav Sir 2025 -26 English Medium CONTENTS 1 EVOLUTION OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION 4-11 1.1 HISTORICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 1.2 FEATURES OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 1.3 AMENDMENT PROCEDURE OF THE CONSTITUTION 1.4 BASIC STRUCTURE: 50 YEARS OF THE DOCTRINE 2 PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION 12-15 2.1 IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF PREAMBLE 2.2 IMPORTANCE OF THE PREAMBLE 2.3 AMENDABILITY OF THE PREAMBLE 3 COMPARISON OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES 16-20 3.1 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA AND USA 3.2 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA - RUSSIA 3.3 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA – UK 3.4 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA – FRANCE 3.5 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA – AUSTRALIA 3.6 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA – JAPAN 3.7 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA – GERMANY 3.8 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA – CANADA 4 CITIZENSHIP 21-23 4.1 BASICS OF CITIZENSHIP 4.2 CITIZENSHIP AMENDMENT ACT, 2019 (CAA, 2019) 4.3 NATIONAL REGISTER OF CITIZENS (NRC) AND NATIONAL POPULATION REGISTER (NPR) 4.4 OVERSEAS CITIZENSHIP OF INDIA (OCI) AND NON-RESIDENT INDIANS (NRI) 4.5 OTHER KEY ISSUES WITH REFERENCE TO CITIZENSHIP 5 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (FRs) 24-40 5.1 IMPORTANCE & FEATURES OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 5.2 DETAILED ANALYSIS OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (FRs) 5.2.1 SEDITION LAW 5.2.2 ENVIRONMENT AND ARTICLE 21 5.2.3 CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND RIGHT TO LIFE 5.2.4 RIGHT TO PRIVACY VERSUS RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN 5.2.5 RIGHT TO SHELTER 5.2.6 RIGHT TO HEALTH 5.3 AMENDABILITY OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 6 DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP) 41-45 6.1 FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF DPSP 6.2 AMENDMENTS IN THE DPSP 6.3 IMPORTANCE OF DPSP 6.4 JUDICIAL EVOLUTION OF CONFLICT BETWEEN DPSP VS FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 6.5 KEY ARGUMENTS AGAINST DPSP 6.6 SCHEMES & INITIATIVES TO GIVE EFFECT TO DPSPs 6.7 RECENT DEBATES ASSOCIATED WITH DPSP (CURRENT CONNECT) 6.7.1 UNIFORM CIVIL CODE 6.7.2 OTHER KEY ISSUES WITH REFERENCE TO DPSPs 7 FEDERALISM IN INDIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 46-60 7.1 FEDERALISM: MEANING AND INDIA’S VERSION OF FEDERALISM 7.2 EVOLUTION OF FEDERALISM IN INDIA 7.3 COOPERATIVE AND COMPETITIVE FEDERALISM 7.4 CENTRE-STATE RELATIONS 7.5 COMBATIVE AND ASYMMETRICAL FEDERALISM 7.6 SEVENTH SCHEDULE 7.7 GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2023 7.8 ROLE OF GOVERNORS: ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7.9 INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTES 7.10 INTER-STATE BORDER DISPUTES 7.11 DEMAND FOR SMALLER STATES 7.12 ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370: BACKGROUND, ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES 8 DEVOLUTION OF POWER AND FINANCES: CHALLENGES AND NEED OF REFORM 61-68 8.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALISATION 8.2 LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT: ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES & WAY FORWARD 8.2.1 ROLE OF THE STATE FINANCE COMMISSION (ARTICLE 243I) 8.2.2 GOVERNMENT EFFORTS FOR EMPOWERING PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS (PRIs) 8.2.3 ROLE OF WOMEN IN PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTES (PRIS) 8.2.4 PANCHAYATS (EXTENSION TO THE SCHEDULED AREAS) ACT, 1996 8.2.5 URBAN LOCAL BODIES 8.2.6 MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS 9 SEPARATION OF POWER 69-73 9.1 MEANING AND MODELS OF SEPARATION OF POWERS 9.2 OVERLAPPING OF POWER BETWEEN VARIOUS ORGANS IN INDIAN CONSTITUTION 9.2.1 IMPORTANCE OF COORDINATION BETWEEN EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATURE, AND JUDICIARY IN INDIA 9.2.2 INTERDEPENDENCE AND CHECKS AND BALANCES OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN INDIA 9.2.3 IMPORTANT JUDGEMENTS WITH REGARD TO SEPARATION OF POWER 9.3 MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME (MPLADS) 10 INDIAN PARLIAMENT 74-87 10.1 FEATURES OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT IN INDIA 10.2 REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM IN INDIA 10.3 POWERS/FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENT 10.4 ISSUES FACED BY INDIAN LEGISLATURE 10.5 PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES 10.6 PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN POLITICS 10.6.1 WOMEN'S RESERVATION ACT 2023 (106TH AMENDMENT) ACT 10.7 ROLE OF OPPOSITION 10.8 ROLE OF WHIP IN INDIAN POLITY 10.9 PRESIDENT AND GOVERNOR: THEIR ROLE IN LEGISLATION 10.10 ORDINANCE MAKING: CHALLENGE & WAY FORWARD 10.11 10th SCHEDULE: ANTI-DEFECTION LAW 11 INDIAN JUDICIARY 88-101 11.1 JUDGES APPOINTMENT: ISSUES & WAY FORWARD 11.2 JUDICIAL ACCOUNTABILITY: NEED OF REFORM 11.3 WOMEN IN JUDICIARY 11.4 PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION AND RELATED ISSUES 11.5 PENDENCY OF CASESPublished 11.6 CONTEMPT OF COURT 11.7 DIGITIZING INDIAN JUDICIARY 11.8 PRISON REFORMS 12 CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES 102-119 12.1 FINANCE COMMISSION (ARTICLE 280) 12.2 COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA (CAG) 12.3 ELECTION COMMISSION 12.3.1 ONE NATION ONE ELECTION (SIMULTANEOUS ELECTION) 12.3.2 ELECTION FREEBIES 12.3.3 INTRA-PARTY DEMOCRACY: NEED & CHALLENGES 12.3.4 ELECTORAL BOND SCHEME 12.3.5 STATE FUNDING OF ELECTION 12.3.6 MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT (MCC) 12.4 NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SC, ST AND BACKWARD CLASSES (A COMPARISON) 13 STATUTORY & QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES 120-131 13.1 LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTA 13.2 NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION 13.3 CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION 13.4 CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSION 13.5 NATIONAL COMMISSION OF WOMEN 13.6 NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS 13.7 NATIONAL COMMISSION ON MINORITY 13.8 QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES 13.8.1 TRIBUNALS IN INDIA